World J Microbiol Biotechnol 23:31–42īastviken D, Cole J, Pace ML, Tranvik LJ (2004) Methane emissions from lakes: dependence of lake characteristics, two regional assessments, and a global estimate.

ISME J 2:805–814īasak N, Das D (2007) The prospect of purple non-sulfur (PNS) photosynthetic bacteria for hydrogen production: the present state of the art. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 82:1574–6941īardgett RD, Freeman C, Ostle NJ (2008) Microbial contributions to climate change through carbon cycle feedbacks. Academic Press, Inc., Londonīarbier BA, Dziduch I, Liebner S, Ganzert L, Lantuit H, Pollard W, Wagner D (2012) Methane-cycling communities in a permafrost-affected soil on Herschel Island, Western Canadian Arctic: active layer profiling of mcrA and pmoA genes. Syst Biol 55:539–552Īnthony C (1982) The biochemistry of methylotrophs. Glob Biogeochem Cycles 26:GB2041Īnisimova M, Gascuel O (2006) Approximate likelihood ratio test for branches: a fast, accurate and powerful alternative. The link between the methanotrophic community and the type of ponds could potentially be used to improve upscale estimates of GHG emissions based on landscape morphology in such remote regions.Ībnizova A, Siemens J, Langer M, Boike J (2012) Small ponds with major impact: the relevance of ponds and lakes in permafrost landscapes to carbon dioxide emissions. In contrast, cyanobacteria were effectively absent from the surface sediment of runnel ponds, which in addition to carbon degraders (65–81 %), were colonized by purple non-sulfur bacteria (5–21 %), and by fewer methanotrophs (1–5 %). Polygonal pond sediment was colonized by carbon degraders (46–29 %), cyanobacteria (20–27 %) that take up CO 2 and produce oxygen, and methanotrophs (11–20 %) that consume CH 4 and require oxygen. However, surface sediment communities in the two pond types were significantly different. Using a combination of 16S rRNA Sanger sequencing and high-throughput amplicon sequencing, we found that bacterial communities in overlying waters were clearly dominated by carbon degraders and were similar in both pond types, despite their variable physical and chemical properties. Here, we investigated the bacterial diversity of polygonal and runnel ponds, two geomorphologically distinct pond types commonly found in continuous permafrost regions. Emissions are related to a balance between GHG producers and consumers, as well as to physical properties of the water column controlling gas exchange rates with the atmosphere. Their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are variable, for reasons that are not well understood. These ponds emit biologically mediated carbon dioxide (CO 2) and methane (CH 4). Permafrost thawing in lowland Arctic tundra results in a polygonal patterned landscape and the formation of numerous small ponds.

The most unknown thermal ponds